Built-in Functions

Generic & Data Types

str()

Turns a data type into a string

int()

Turns a data into a integer NOTE: If converted from float, it will get rid of float completely, instead of rounding it. To do that, use round()

float()

Turns to float

bool()

Turns to boolean

len()

Calculate the length of a string print(len(my_name))

type()

Show the type of a variable type(var1)

print(''')

When you want to print multiple lines, you can use 3 single quote

print('''
oha
adama
bak
''')

Number Manipulation

round()

Round a float into a integer

round(1.5)
# will print 2

`

• Round function can also round to a floating number via specifying digit

round(2.8543,2)
# print 2.85
round(1.2341,3)
# print 1.234

abs()

Return the absolute value of an integer

Assignment Operator

You can use these instead of doing repeating operations.

score += 1
score -= 1 
score *= 2
score /= 3

Text Manipulation

.lower()

Lowercase the string input('blabla').lower()

.strip()

Strip whitespaces

.title()

Capitalize every letter of every word

List Manipulation

append()

To add an item to the end of the list, you use this function.

tr_sehirler.append('denizli')

insert()

Insert an item to a specified location

tr_sehirler.insert(0,'zonguldak') # insert as the first of the list
tr_sehirler.insert(1,'adiyaman') # insert as the second of the list

extend()

Add another list to the existing list

tr_sehirler.extend(['bursa', 'burdur', 'tokat'])

sum()

Sum of all the numbers in a list

random.choice(list)

Choose a random item from a given list

Link to original

list()

Turns a string into a list by individual characters

word = pencil
my_list = list(word)
# ['p','e',....]

join()

It is used to join stuff. It can also be used to convert strings into text

xs = ['1', '2', '3']
s = ''.join(xs)

count()

Count how many times that item appears in the a list

points = [1,1,2,2,3,3,3,3]
x = points.count(3)
# x is 4

index()

Give the position of an item in a list

Circular transclusion detected: Python/Basics/Built-in-Functions

Dictionary Manipulation

items()

Used to iterate in a dictionary through both Key and Value at the same time

for name, score in student_scores.items(): 
	grade = converter(score) 
	student_grades[name] = grade

max()

Find the biggest number in a list or a dictionary

# List
a = (1, 5, 3, 9)
x = max(a)
 
# Dictionary
scores = {
    "Alice": 50,
    "Zack": 10,
    "Harry" : 88
}
 
x = max(scores, key=scores.get)

This will basically iterate through every “key”, and “.get” function is similar to using ”[]“. So you basically say “Use scores dictionary, and key values are scores[]“

Code	Returns	Based On
max(scores.values())	88 (Number)	Math
max(scores)	”Zack” (String)	Alphabet
max(scores, key=scores.get)	”Harry” (String)	Math

.get()

It can be used to select items in a dictionary like my_dict["Harry"], but won’t break the code if that item is non existent, it will return ‘None’